PROCEEDINGS
THIRTEENTH ANNUAL CONVENTION
American Railway Engineering Association
HELD AT THE
CONGRESS HOTEL, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS March 19, 20 and 21, 1912
VOLUME 13
PUBLISHED UNDER DIRECTION OF THE COMMITTEE
ON PUBLICATIONS
1912
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE.
TABLE OF CONTENTS 7-20
CONSTITUTION.
CONSTITUTION 23-31
Name, Object and Location 23
Membership '. . . 23, 24
Admissions and Expulsions 24, 25
Dues 26
Officers 26. 27
Nomination and Election of Officers 27-29
Management 29, 30
Meetings 30, 3 1
Amendments 31
GENERAL INFORMATION.
GENERAL INFORMATION 32-36
Appointment of Committees and Outline of Work 32
Preparation of Committee Reports 32-34
Publication of Committee Reports 34
Consideration of Committee Reports 34. 35
General Rules for the Publication of the Manual 36
BUSINESS SESSION.
BUSINESS SESSION 39-62
Introductory Remarks by the President 39
President's Address 40-48
Association Affairs 40-44
Progress in Engineering Works 44-47
The Complete Engineer of 300 Years Ago 47, 48
7
8 TABLE OF CONTENTS.
BUSINESS SESSION— Continued.
PAGE.
Report of Secretary 49-52
r> Membership 4Q. 50
Geographical Distribution of Membership . ; 50
Classification of Members 50
Publications 51
Financial Statement 5 1., 52
Expenditures in Detail 52
Report of Treasurer . .. , 53
Condensed Report of Convention 54-62
Resolutions Adopted 59-62
Report of Tellers 59, 60
Election and Installation of Officers 61
COMMITTEE REPORTS.
RULES AND ORGANIZATION 65-68
Introductory ;. ...... • 65
Instructions as to Conduct of Work 66-68
Cross-Sections ' 66
Drainage 66
Ballasting 66
TlCS '• ■■■-. 66'67
Rail 67
Surfacing 68
SIGNALS AND INTERLOCKING .:...: 69-74
Introductory 69
Conclusions 69, 70
Table of Insulation Resistances 70
Uniform Signaling 7°'74
Essentials of Signaling 70, 71
Minority Report '. .v 75,76
WOODEN BRIDGES AND TRESTLES 77-8o
Introductory 77, 78
Sheet Piling — Progress Report 78, 79
1 Pile Formulas — Progress Report '. 79
Guard Rails — Progress Report 79
Fii s Protection — Progress Report 79, 80
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 9
PAGE.
IRON AND STEEL STRUCTURES 81-88
Introductory 81, 82
Conclusions 82
Specifications for the Erection of Railroad Bridges . . . . 83-87
Work to Be Done 83
Falsework ' 83
Conduct of Work 83, 84
Engine Service 84
Transportation 84
Masonry 84
Handling and Storing Materials 84
Maintenance of Traffic .' 85
Removal of Old Structure 85
Metal Work 85
Misfits 85, 86
Anchor Bolts ' 86
Bed Plates 86
Decks 86
Painting 86
Clearing the Site 86
Superintendence and Workmen 86, 87
Inspection 87
Responsibility 87
Insurance and Bond 87
Engineer Defined 87
Secondary Stresses 88
YARDS AND TERMINALS 89-93
Introductory 89
Typical Situation Plans of Passenger Stations 90
Handling of Freight by Al'echanical Means 90, 91
Typical Situation Plans for Division Engine Terminal 91,92
Conclusions 93
BALLAST 95-300
Introductory 95
Proper Depth of Ballast to Insure Uniform Distribution of the
Loads on the Roadbed 95-97
10 TABLE OF CONTENTS.
BALLAST — Continued.
pagf.
Physical Tests of Stone for Ballast 97-99
Review of Gravel Ballast and Methods for Grading the Differ- ent Qualities 99-102
Gravel Washing Plant of the Richmond, Fredericksburg &
Potomac Railroad 10.3- 1 10
Experiment to Determine the Necessary Depth of Stone
Ballast 113-265
Description of Test Track 1 14-121
Methods of Tests 122-127
Conclusions 126, 127
Detail of Tests 128-265
Gravel as Ballast 266-289
Ballast (Monograph by G. W. Vaughan) 290-300
TIES 301-370
Introductory 3°[
Size of Cross-Ties Required for the Stresses to Which They
Are Subjected 301-331
Bearing Strength of Ties Under the Rail Tests 303
Bibliography on Size of Cross-Ties 307-311
Summary of Answers to Circular Regarding Size of Cross-Ties Required for the Stresses to Which They Are
Subjected 312-329
Arrangement of Ties Under Joints 330
Conclusions Mi
Tie Renewals in Continuous Stretches Versus Single-Tie Re- newals 332-34-'
Co .elusion 342
Metal, Composite and Concrete Ties 343"370
Conclusions 37c'
TRACK 371-386
Introductory 371
Frogs, Crossings and Switches 37I_374
Tie-Plates and Track Fastenings 374
Designs of Main Line Turnouts 374
Vertical Curves 374
Conclusions 37 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 11
TRACK — Continued.
page. General Specifications for Frogs, Crossings and Switches. .. .375-386
General Instructions 375
Inspection 375) 3?6
Material ^76, 377
Workmanship 377
Fr°gs 377,37*
Switches 381-386
ROADWAY 387-400
Introductory 387
Waterway Formulas 387, 388
Unit Pressures Allowable on Roadbeds of Different Materials. .388-396
Tunnel Construction and Ventilation 306
Agricultural Drainage as It Affects Railways 396, 397
Record of Tunnel Ventilation 398-400
WATER SERVICE 401-428
Introductory 401
Use of Reinforced Concrete for Water Tanks and Supports. .402-417 General Specifications for a Reinforced Concrete Standpipe
Water Tank for Railways 413-417
General Specifications for Ordinary Steel Water and Oil
Tanks 417-419
Conclusion 419
Locomotive Boiler Corrosion and Treated Water 420-428
CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES 429-457
Introductory 429
Tree Planting and General Reforestation (United States) ... .430-437
Bibliography of Timber Resources 435-437
Coal and Fuel Oil Resources 437-454
Advantages of Oil as Fuel Compared to Coal 437, 438
Petroleum as a Locomotive Fuel 438, 439
Evaporative Tests — Oil as Fuel 439-441
Inspection and Tests of Fuel Oil 441-443
Government Fuel Oil Specifications 443, 444
Methods of Preventing or Lessening Waste 444-449
12 TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES— Continued.
PAGE.
Coal Fields of the United States 449-452
Duration of Supply : 453. 454
Tree Planting and Reforestation in Canada ....455,456
Annual Fire Loss 456
Coal and Fuel Oil Resources 456, 457
Peat Deposits in Canada 457
Crude Petroleum ■ • 457
Natural Gas in Canada 457
MASONRY 459-504
Introductory 459
Waterproofing of Masonry 459-474
Methods of Patching and Repairing Plain and Reinforced
Concrete 474"4§7
Methods of Depositing Concrete Under Water 487-502
Conclusions 4S8
Report on Work of Joint Committee on Concrete and Rein- forced Concrete 502
Unification of Portland Cement Specifications 502-504
Conclusions 504
RECORDS AND ACCOUNTS i 505-507
Introductory ■ 505. 506
Reasons for Maintaining a Storehouse 506, 507
Conclusions 5°°. 5°7
ELECTRICITY 509-558
Introductory 5°9
Clearances • 510
. Transmission Lines and Crossings 510, 511
Recommendations ,, 511
Specifications for Overhead Crossings of Electric Light and
Power Lines 512-521
General Requirements 5r2-5i4
Loads 514. 515
Factors of Safety . . . .• ■ 515, 516
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 13
ELECTRICITY— Continued.
PAGE.
Material 516-518
Protective Coatings 518
Foundations ! ' 518
Working Unit Stresses '. 518, 519
Specification for Galvanizing for Iron or Steel 519-521
Data Regarding Third Rail Clearances 524
Diagrams Showing Equipment Lines of Various Railways 526-534
Diagrams Showing Third Rail Structure of Various Railways'. 535-558
RAIL 559-872
Introductory 559-564
Specifications for Carbon Steel Rails . . . . .565-571
Inspection 565
Material 565
Chemical Requirements ■ 565, 566
- Physical Requirements 566-569
Details of Mann f acture ( 569-571
A Study of Seventeen Good Service Rails 1 ^. .573-612
Rail Failure Statistics for Year Ending October 31, 1910 613-633
Thoughts Resulting from the Study . 633
Comparative Wear of Bessemer, Open-hearth and Nickel Steei
Rail on Pennsylvania Railroad .635-654
Segregation and Other Rail Properties as Influenced by Si?e
of Ingot . . . .655-751
Tests of Rail Steel Ingots and Derivative Shapes Made at
Watertown Arsenal , 753
Influence of Rolling Temperature on the Properties of Bes- semer Rails ,.,-..! 797-839
•Hearing Before Indiana Railroad Commission 841-862
The History and Development and Use of Rails by Rail- road Companies of the United States from 1830 . to
Date .843-850
Investigations Made by the American Society of Civil En- gineers on Steel Rails 851,852
The Question of the Improvement of Rail Design and
- Specifications from 1830 to the Present Time ^853-862
14 TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGF.
WOOD PRESERVATION 863-872
Grouping of Timbers for Antiseptic Treatment 863, 864, 868-872
Reco. ds from Service Tests 864
Merits of Various Preservatives 864
Revision of the Adopted Specifications for Creosote Oil 865, 866
Forms for Reporting Inspection 866
Specification for Impregnation with Creosote Oil 866
Value of Brush Coating and Dipping 867
Value of Impregnation with Crude Oil 867
Conclusions 867
GRADING OF LUMBER 873-884
Introductory 873
Recommendations 873, 874
Classification and Grading Rules for Cypress Lumber and
Shingles 875-884
General Instructions 875
Standard Defects 875-877
Standard Lengths 878
Standard Finished Sizes of Cypress 878, 879
Tank Stock 879
First and Second Clear 879, 880
Selects 880
Selected Common Tank Stock 880
No. 1 Barn or Dimension S80
No. 2 Barn or Dimension 880, 881
Cull or Peck 881
Finishing 88i, 882
Siding 882
Flooring and Ceiling 882
Partition 882
Pickets 883
Battens 883
Car Roofing and Siding 883
Car Lining 883
Shingles 883, 884
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 15
PAGE.
BUILDINGS 885-890
Introductory 885
Roof Coverings 885-800
Gutters 88&-88o
Flashings 889, 890
Details of Flashing and Counter Flashing for Roofs and
Walls 891-806
American Method of Laying Asbestos Shingles 897, 898
Diagonal Method of Laying Asbestos Shingles 899
SIGNS, FENCES AND CROSSINGS 900-904
Intro luctory 900
Quality of Fence Wire to Resist Corrosion and Secure Dura- bility 900-002
Concrete Fence Posts 902
Track Construction and Flangeways at Street Crossings in
Paved Streets 902, 903
Signs for Railroad Purposes 903, 904
Recommendations 904
ECONOMICS OF RAILWAY LOCATION 905,906
UNIFORM GENERAL CONTRACT FORMS 907-916
Introductory 907, 90S
Construction Contract — Agreement 909, 910
Construction Contract — General Conditions 911-916
Bond Oil
Contractor's Understanding 91 1
Intent of Plans and Specifications 911
Permits 91 1
Protection 911
Rights of Various Interests 911
Consent to Transfer 912
Superintendence 912
Timely Demand for Points and Instructions 912
Report Errors and Discrepancies 912
Preservation of Stakes 912
Inspection 912
16 TABLE OF CONTENTS.
UNIFORM GENERAL CONTRACT FORMS— Continued.
PAGE.
Defective Work or Material 912
Insurance 912
Indemnity '912
•- Settlement for Wages ■ 913
Liens 913
Work Adjacent to Railroad 913
Risk 913
Order and Discipline 913
Contractor Not to Hire Company's Employes 913
Intoxicating Liquors Prohibited 913
Cleaning Up , 913
Engineer and Chief Engineer Defined 913,914
Power of Engineer 914
Adjustment of Dispute 914
Order of Completion ; Use of Completed Portion . . . 914
Changes '■ ■ '■ 9J4
Extra Work .. ' . .914.915
Property and Right of Entry 915
Unavoidable Delays; Extension of Time on Parts of Work 915
Suspension of Work 915
Monthly Estimate 916
DISCUSSIONS.
RULES AND ORGANIZATION I . . . '9*0-931
SIGNALS AND INTERLOCKING 932, 933
IRON AND STEEL STRUCTURES 934-945
WOODEN BRIDGES AND TRESTLES ...... . 946
YARDS AND TERMINALS 947, 948
BALLAST ....i .049,950
ties .....:..:.. .:. 951-964
TRACK ;■■••••: r 965-980
ROADWAY 981,982
WATER SERVICE !;".'......... '." 983-988
CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 989
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 17
DISCUSSIONS— Continued.
PAGE.
MASONRY 990-995
RECORDS AND ACCOUNTS 996, 997
ELECTRICITY 998-1016
RAIL 1017-1038
WOOD PRESERVATION 1039-1051
GRADING OF LUMBER 1052, 1053
BUILDINGS 1054
SIGNS, FENCES AND CROSSINGS 1055-105/
ECONOMICS OF RAILWAY LOCATION 105S
UNIFORM GENERAL CONTRACT FORMS 1059-1076
AMENDMENTS.
Amendments to Report on Uniform Rules and Organization... 1079
Amendments to Report on Iron and Steel Structures 1080
Amendments to Report on Ballast 1080
Amendments to Report on Track 1080
Amendments to Report on Water Service 1080
Amendments to Report on Electricity 1080, 108 1
Amendments to Report on Rail io8t
Amendments to Report on Wood Preservation 1081, 1082
Amendments to Report on Buildings 1082
Amendments to Report on Uniform General Contract Forms... 1082
MONOGRAPHS.
THE DESIGN OF RAILWAY BRIDGE ABUTMENTS,
by J. H. Prior 1085-1 150
Introductory 1085, 1086
Abutments Built of Stone Masonry 1087-1090
Abutments of Concrete, Plain and Reinforced 1091-H25
Memorandum of Total Cost of Various Types 1125-1141
Conclusion 1 142, 1 143
Discussion and Closure 1 149, 1 150
18 TABLE OF CONTENTS.
p EQUATED TONNAGE RATING FOR LOCOMOTIVES,
by M. H. Wickhorst 1 151-
Introductory „
Tonnage Rating of Locomotives, C. B. & Q. R. R 1152-
Tractive Force 1 153,
Train Resistance 1 155-
Equated Tonnage Tables 1 158,
Explanation of Method
Table of Tractive Force, Weights and Heating Surface....
Curves of Train Resistance, Frictional and Grade
Curves of Negative Train Resistance
Curves of Tractive Force of Engines
Curve of Engine Resistance
Method of Calculating Equated Train Resistances in Tons of
Train
Sample Tonnage Rates, Aurora Division, C. B. & Q. R. R.. . Equated Tonnage for 0.3 to 1.5 Per cent Grades 1167-
THE STORAGE BATTERY IN RAILWAY SERVICE,
by L. C. Fritch 1181-
Introductory
History 1 181-
The Lead-Sulphuric Acid Storage Battery 1183-
Principles of the Storage Battery 1 183,
The Lead Cell
Characteristics of the Lead Cell 1184-
Lead Battery Characteristics 1188,
Types of Plates 1 189-
Contaiuing Vessels 1 I93_
Method of Control and Controlling Apparatus
Definitions of Component Parts. . . . . 1198-
Special Instructions Regarding Lead Storage Batteries. .
The Edison Storage Battery 1206-
Theory of Chemical Reaction
Positive Plate
Negative Plate
Electrolyte
Insulation
180
180
154 158 159 159 160 161 162 163 164
165 166 180
221
181
183 205 184 iS-i 188 i8q 192
197 198 205
205
2IT 206 207
207
207 208
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 19
THE STORAGE BATTERY— Continued.
PAGE.
Container or Jar 1208
Trays or Boxes 1209
Connectors 1209
Voltage 1209
Efficiency 1209, 1210
Applications in Railway Service 1211-1220
Train Lighting 1211-1214
Signaling 1214, 1215
Drawbridge Operation 1215
Station Lighting 1215
Storage Battery Traction 1218
Storage Battery Charging Apparatus 1218-1220
List of Illustrations 1221
INDEX 1223-1236
CONSTITUTION
CONSTITUTION.
REVISED Al THE FIFTH, EIGHTH AND TWELFTH ANNUAL CONVENTIONS.
ARTICLE I.
NAME, OBJECT AND LOCATION.
i. The name of this Association is the American Railway Engi- neering Association.
2. Its object is the advancement of knowledge pertaining to the scientific and economic location, construction, operation and maintenance of railways.
3. The means to be used for this purpose shall be as follows :
(a) Meetings for the reading and discussion of reports and papers and for social intercourse.
(b) The investigation of matters pertaining to the objects of this Association through Standing and Special Committees.
(c) The publication of papers, reports and discussions.
(d) The maintenance of a library.
4. Its action shall be recommendatory, and not binding upon its members.
5. Its permanent office shall be located in Chicago, 111., and the annual convention shall be held in that city.
Name. Object.
Means to be Used.
Responsibil- ity.
Location of Office.
ARTICLE II.
MEMBERSHIP.
i. The membership of this Association shall be divided into three Membership classes, viz. : Members, Honorary Members and Associates.
(2) A Member shall be:
(a) Either a Civil Engineer, a Mechanical Engineer, an Electrical Engineer, or an official of a railway corporation, who has had not less than five (5) years' experience in the location, construction, maintenance or op- eration of railways, and who, at the time of application for membership, is engaged in railway service in a responsible position in charge of work con nected with the Location, Construction, Operation or Maintenance of a Railway; provided, that all persons who were Active Members prior to March 20, 1907, shall remain Members except as modified by Article II, Clause 9.
(b) A Professor of Engineering in a college of recognized standing.
23
Membership Qualifica- tions.
24
CONSTITUTION.
Honorary Membership Qualifica- tions.
Associate Membership Qualifica- tions.
Membership Rights.
Age Require- ment.
"Railway" Defined.
Changes in Classes.
Supply Men.
Transfers.
3. An Honorary Member shall be a person of acknowledged emi- nence in railway engineering or management. The number of Honorary Members shall be limited to ten.
4. An Associate shall be a person not eligible as a Member, but whose pursuits, scientific acquirements or practical experience qualify him to co-operate with Members in the advancement of professional knowledge, such as Consulting, Inspecting, Contracting, Government or other Engineers, Instructors of Engineering in Colleges of recognized standing, and Engineers of Industrial Corporations when their duties- are purely technical.
5. (a) Members shall have all the rights and privileges of the Association.
(b) Honorary Members shall have all the rights of Members, except that of holding office, and shall be exempt from the payment of dues.
(c) Associates shall have all the rights of Members,' except those of voting and holding office.
6. An applicant to be eligible for membership in any class shall not be less than twenty-five (25) years of age.
7. The word "railway" in this Constitution means one operated by steam or electricity as a common carrier, dependent upon transpor- tation for its revenue. Engineers of street railway systems and of rail- ways which are used primarily to transport the material or product of an industry or industries to and from a point on a railway which is a common carrier, or those which are merely adjuncts to such industries, are eligible only as Associates.
8. A Member, elected after March 20, 1007, who shall leave the railway service, shall cease to be a Member, but may retain membership in the Association as an Associate, subject to the provisions of Article II, Clause 9; provided, however, if he re-enters the railway service, he shall be restored to the class of Members. .
9. Persons whose principal duties require them to be engaged in the sale or promotion of railway patents, appliances or supplies, shall not be eligible for, nor retain membership in any class in this Association, except that those who were Active Members prior to March 20, 1907, may retain membership as Associates ; provided, however, that anyone having held membership in the Association and subsequently having be- come subject to the operation of this clause, shall, if he again becomes eligible, be permitted to re-enter the Association, without the payment of a second entrance fee.
10. The Board of Direction shall transfer members from one class to another, or • remove a member from the membership list, under the provisions of this Article.
ARTICLE III.
Charter Membership.
! ADMISSIONS AND EXPULSIONS. ,.
i'. The Charter Membership consists of all persons who were elected before March 15, 1900.
CONSTITUTION.
2. The Charter Membership having been completed, any person desirous of becoming a member shall make application upon the form prescribed by the Board of Direction, setting forth in a concise statement his name, age, residence, technical education and practical experience. He shall refer to at least three members to whom he is personally known, each of whom shall be requested by the Secretary to certify to a personal knowledge of the candidate and his fitness for membership,
. 3. Upon receipt of an application properly endorsed, the Board of Direction, through its Secretary, or a Membership Committee selected from its own members, shall make such investigation of the candidate's fitness as may be deemed necessary. The Secretary will furnish copies of t,he information obtained and of the application to each member of the Board of Direction. At. any time, not less than thirty days after the filing of the application, the admission of the applicant shall be. canvassed by letter-ballot among the members of the Board, and affirmative votes by two-thirds of its members shall elect the candidate; provided, how- ever, that should an applicant for membership be personally unknown to three members of the Association, due to residence in a foreign country, or in such a portion of the United States as precludes him from a sufficient acquaintance with its members, he may refer to well-known men engaged in railway or allied professional work, upon the form above described, and such application shall be considered by the Board of Direction in the manner above set forth,' and the applicant may be elected to membership by a unanimous vote of the Board.
4. All persons, after due notice from the Secretary of their elec- tion, shall subscribe to the Constitution on the form prescribed by the Board of Direction. If this provision be not complied with within six months of said notice, the election shall be considered null and void.
5. Any person having been a member of this Association, and hav- ing, while in good standing, resigned such membership, may be reinstated without the payment of a second entrance fee; provided his application for reinstatement is signed by five members certifying to his fitness for same, and such application is passed by a tv/o-thirds majority of the Board of Direction.
6. Proposals for Honorary Membership shall be submitted by ten or more Members. Each Member of the Board of Direction shall be fur- nished with a copy cf the proposal, and if, after thirty days, the nominee shall receive the unanimous vote of said Board, he shall be declared an Honorary Member.
7. When charges are preferred against a Member in writing by ten or more Members, the Member complained of shall be served with a copy of such charges, and he shall be called upon to show cause to the Board of Direction why he should not be expelled from the Association. Not less than thirty days thereafter a vote shall be taken on his expulsion, and he shall be expelled upon a two-thirds vote of the Board of Direction.
8. The Board of Direction shall accept the resignation, tendered in writing, of any Member whose dues are fully paid up.
Application for Member- ship.
Election to Membership.
Subscription to Constitu- tion.
Reinstate- ment.
Honorary Membership.
Expulsions.
Resignations.
26
CONSTITUTION.
ARTICLE IV.
i. An entrance fee of $10.00 shall be payable to the Association through its Secretary with each application for membership; and this sum shall be returned to the applicant if not elected.
2. The annual dues are $10.00, payable during the first three months of the calendar year.
3. Any person whose dues are not paid before April 1st of the cur- rent year shall be notified of same by the Secretary. Should the dues not be paid prior to July 1st, the delinquent Member shall lose his right to vote. Should the dues remain unpaid October 1st, he shall be notified on the form prescribed by the Board of Direction, and he shall no longer receive the publications of the Association. If the dues are not paid by December 31st, he shall forfeit his membership without further action or notice, except as provided for in Clause 4 of this Article.
4. The Board of Direction may extend the time of payment of dues, and may remit the dues of any Member, who, from ill-health, advanced age or other good reasons, is unable to pay them.
ARTICLE V.
OFFICERS.
i. The officers of the Association shall be Members and shall con- sist of:
A President,
A First Vice-President,
A Second Vice-President,
A Treasurer,
A Secretary,
Nine Directors, who, together with the five latest living Past-Presidents who are Members, shall constitute tbe Board of Direction in which the government of the Association shall be vested, and who shall act as Trustees, and have the custody of all property belonging to the Association.
2. The offices of First and Second Vice-Presidents shall be deter- mined by the priority of their respective dates of election.
3. The terms of office of the several officers shall be as follows :
President, one year. Vice-Presidents, two years. Treasurer, one year. Secretary, one year. Directors, three years.
4. (a) There shall be elected at each Annual Convention:
A President, One Vice-President, A Treasurer, A Secretary, Three Directors.
CONSTITUTION.
27
(b) The candidates for President and for Vice-President shall be selected from the members of the Board of Direction.
5. The office of President shall not be held twice by the same per- conditions of
son. A person who shall have held the office of Vice-President or R,e"®l.ection . „, . of Officers.
Director shall not be eligible for re-election to the same office until at
least one full term shall have elapsed after the expiration of his previous
term of office.
6. The term of each officer shall begin with his election and con- Term of
., , . . Officers,
tinue until his successor is elected.
7. (a) A vacancy in the office of President shall be filled by the Vacancies ir- * ir t> -a I m Offices, rirst Vice-President.
(b) A vacancy in the office of either of the Vice-Presidents shall be filled by the Board of Direction by election from the Directors. A Vice-Presidency shall not be considered vacant when one of the Vice- Presidents is filling a vacancy in the Presidency.
(c) Any other vacancies for the unexpired term in the membership of the Board of Direction shall be filled by the Board.
(d) An incumbent in any office for an unexpired term shall be eligible for re-election to the office he is holding; provided, however, that anyone appointed to fill a vacancy as Director within six months after the term commences shall be considered as coming within the pro- vision of Article V, Clause 5.
8. When an officer ceases to be a Member of the Association, as Vacation of
. Office
provided in Article II, his office shall be vacated, and be filled as provided
in Article V, Clause 7.
9. In case of the disability or neglect in the performance of his duty, ^ Neg/ect of an officer, the Board of Direction, by a two-thirds majority vote of the
entire Board, shall have power to declare the office vacant, and fill it as provided in Article V, Clause 7.
ARTICLE VI.
NOMINATION AND ELECTION OF OFFICERS.
1. (a) There shall be a Nominating Committee composed of the Nominating five latest living Past-Presidents of the Association, who are Members, Committee, and five Members not officers.
(b) The five Members shall be elected annually when the officers of the Association are elected.
2. It shall be the dutv of this committee to nominate candidates to £un\ber of
P3.ndlQ3.t6S
fill the offices named in Article V, and vacancies in the Nominating Com- mittee caused by expiration of term of service, for the ensuing year, as
follows : Number of Candi- Number of Candi- dates to be named dates to be elected Office to be Filled. by Nominating at Annual Election
Committee. of Officers.
President 1 1
Vice-President 1 1
Treasurer 1 1
Secretary 1 1
Directors 9 3
Nominating Committee 10 5
28
CONSTITUTION.
Chairman.
Meeting of Committee.
Announce- ment of Names of Nominees.
Additional Nominations by Members.
Vacancies in List of Nominees.
Ballots Issued.
Substitution of Names.
Ballots.
Invalid Ballots.
Closure of Polls.
Requirements for Election.
Tie Vote.
3. The Senior Past-President shall act as permanent chairman of the committee, and will issue the call for meetings. In his absence from meetings, the Past-President next in age of service shall act as Chairman pro tern, at the meeting.
4.: Prior to December 1st, each year, the Chairman shall call a meet- ing of the committee at a convenient place and, at this meeting, nominees for office shall be agreed upon.
5. The names of the nominees shall be announced by the permanent Chairman to the President and Secretary not later than December 15th of the same year, and the Secretary shall report them to the Members of the Association on a printed slip not later than January 1st following.
6. At any time between January 1st and February 1st, any ten or more Members may send to the Secretary additional nominations for the ensuing year signed by such Members.
7. If any person so nominated shall be found by the Board of Direc- tion to be ineligible for the office for which he is nominated, or should a nominee decline such nomination, his name shall be removed and the Board may substitute another one therefor ; and may also fill any vacancies that may occur in this list of nominees up to the time the bal- lots are sent out.
8. Not less than thirty days prior to each Annual Convention, the Secretary shall issue ballots to each voting member of record in ,good standing, with a list of the several candidates to be voted upon, with the names arranged in alphabetical order when there is more than one name for any office.
9. Members may erase names from the printed ballot list and may substitute the name or names of any other person or persons eligible for any office, but the number of names voted for each office on the ballot must not exceed the number to be elected at that time to such office.
10. (a) Ballots shall be placed in an envelope, sealed and endorsed with the name of the voter, and mailed or deposited with the Secretary at any time previous to the closure of the polls.
(b) A voter may withdraw his ballot, and may substitute another, at any time before the polls close.
11. Ballots not endorsed or from persons not qualified to vote shall not be opened; and any others not complying with the above provisions shall not be counted.
12. The polls shall be closed at twelve o'clock noon on the second day of the Annual Convention, and the ballots shall be counted by three tellers appointed by the Presiding Officer. The ballots and envelopes shall be preserved for not less than ten days after the vote is canvassed.
13. The persons who shall receive the highest number of votes for the offices for which they are candidates shall be declared elected.
14. In case of a tie between two or more candidates for the same office, the members present at the Annual Convention shall elect the officer by ballot from the candidates so tied.
CONSTITUTION. 29
15. The Presiding Officer shall announce at the convention the names Announce- of the officers elected in accordance with this Article. men "
16. Except as to the Past-Presidents, the first Nominating Com- First mittee and the three additional Directors provided for shall be appointed committee? by the Board of Direction, one of the Directors for one year one for
two years, and one for three years.
ARTICLE VII.
MANAGEMENT.
R? (a) The President shall have general supervision of the affairs of the Association, shall preside at meetings of the Association and of the Board of Direction, and shall be ex-officio member of all Committees, except the Nominating Committee.
(b) The Vice-Presidents, in order of seniority, shall preside at meet- ings in the absence of the President and discharge his duties in case of a vacancy in his office.
2.' The Treasurer shall receive all moneys and deposit same in the name of the Association, and shall receipt to the Secretary therefor. He shall invest all funds not needed for current disbursements as shall be ordered by the Board of Direction. He shall pay all bills, when properly certified and audited by the Finance Committee, and make such reports as may be called for by the Board of Direction.
3. The Secretary shall be, under the direction of the President and Board of Direction, the Executive Officer of the Association. He shall attend the meetings of the Association and of the Board of Direction, prepare the business therefor, and duly record the proceedings thereof. He shall see that the moneys due the Association are collected and with- out loss transferred to the custody of the Treasurer. He shall personally certify to the accuracy of all bills or vouchers on which money is to be paid. He is to conduct the correspondence of the Association and keep proper record thereof, and perform such other duties as the Board of Direction may prescribe.
4. The accounts of the Treasurer and Secretary shall be audited annually by a public accountant, under the direction of the Finance Com- mittee of the Board.
5. The Board of Direction shall manage the affairs of the Associa- tion, and shall have full power to control and regulate all matters not otherwise provided in the Constitution.
6. The Board of Direction shall meet within thirty days after each Annual Convention, and at such other times as the President may direct. Special meetings shall be called on request, in writing, of five members of the Board.
7. Seven members of the Board shall constitute a quorum.
8. At the first meeting of the Board after the Annual Convention, the following committees from its members shall be appointed by the President, and shall report to and: perform their duties under the super- vision of the Board of Direction :
Duties of President.
Duties of Treasurer.
Duties of Secretary.
Auditing of Accounts.
Duties of Board.
Board
Meetings.
Board l Quorum.
Board
Committees
30
CONSTITUTION.
Duties of
Finance
Committee.
Duties of
Publication
Committee.
Duties of
Library
Committee.
Duties of Committee or Outline of Work of Standing Committees.
Standing Committees.
Special Committees.
Discussion by Non- Memteers. Sanction of Acts of Board.
a. Finance Committee of three members.
b. Publication Committee of three members.
c. Library Committee of three members.
d. Outline of Work of Standing Committees of five members.
9. The Finance Committee shall have immediate supervision of the accounts and financial affairs of the Association; shall approve all bills before payment, and shall make recommendations to the Board of Direc- tion as to the investment of moneys and as to other financial matters. The Finance Committee shall not have the power to incur debts or other obli- gations binding the Association, nor authorize the payment of money other1 than the amounts necessary to meet ordinary current expenses of the Association, except by previous action and authority of the Board of Direction.
10. The Publication Committee shall have general supervision of the publications of the Association.
11. The Library Committee shall have general supervision of the Library, the property therein, and the quarters occupied by the Secretary; shall make recommendations to the Board with reference thereto, and shall direct the expenditure for books and other articles of permanent value, from such sums as may be appropriated for these purposes.
12. The Committee on Outline of Work of Standing Committees shall present a list of subjects for committee work during the ensuing year at the first meeting of the Board of Direction after the Annual Con- vention.
13. The Board of Direction may appoint such Standing Committees as it may deem best, to investigate, consider and report upon questions pertaining to railway location, construction or maintenance.
14. Special Committees to examine into and report upon any subject connected with the objects of this Association may be appointed from time to time by the Board of Direction.
15. The Board of Direction may invite discussions of reports from persons not members of the Association.
16. An act of the Board of Direction which shall have received the expressed or implied sanction of the membership at the next Annual Con- vention of the Association shall be deemed to be the act of the Associa- tion, and shall not afterwards be impeached by any Member.
Annual Convention.
Special Meetings.
ARTICLE VIII.
MEETINGS.
1. The Annual Convention shall begin upon the third Tuesday in March of each year, and shall be held at such place in the City of Chicago as the Board of Direction may select.
2. Special meetings of the Association may be called by the Board of Direction, and special meetings shall be so called by the Board upon request of thirty Members, which request shall state the purpose of such meeting. The call for such meeting shall be issued not less than ten days in advance, and shall state the purpose and place thereof, and no other business shall be taken up at such meeting.
CONSTITUTION.
31
3. The Secretary shall notify all members of the time and place of the Annual Convention of the Association at least thirty days in advance thereof.
4. Twenty-five Members shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the Association.
5. (a) The order of business at annual conventions of the Associa- tion shall be as follows :
Reading of minutes of last meeting. Address of the President. Reports of the Secretary and Treasurer. Reports of Standing Committees. Reports of Special Committees. Unfinished business. New business. Election of officers. Adjournment.
(b) This order of business, however, may be changed by a majority vote of members present.
6. The proceedings shall be governed by "Robert's Rules of Order," except as otherwise herein provided.
7. Discussion shall be limited to members and to those invited by the presiding officer to speak.
Notification of Annual Convention.
Association Quorum.
Order of Business.
Rules of Order.
Discussion.
ARTICLE IX.
AMENDMENTS.
I. Proposed amendments to this Constitution shall be made in writ- Amendments ing and signed by not less than ten Members, and shall be acted upon in the following manner:
The amendments shall be presented to the Secretary, who shall send a copy of same to each member of the Board of